Ƙaƙwalwar kayan aikin inji sune sassa masu rauni, kuma ko matsayin su na gudana yana da kyau kai tsaye yana rinjayar aikin gabaɗayan kayan aiki.A cikin injinan siminti da kayan aiki, akwai lokuta da yawa na gazawar kayan aiki sakamakon gazawar farko na birgima.Don haka, gano tushen abin da ke haifar da matsalar, ɗaukar matakan gyara, da kuma kawar da kuskuren yana ɗaya daga cikin mabuɗin inganta ƙimar aikin tsarin.

1 Binciken kuskure na mirgina bearings

1.1 Binciken rawar jiki na mirgina hali

Wata hanyar da aka saba don mirgina bearings ta gaza ita ce saurin gajiyar da suke yi na mirgina lambobin sadarwa.{TodayHot} Irin wannan bawon, wurin bawon yana da kusan 2mm2, kuma zurfin shine 0.2mm ~ 0.3mm, wanda za'a iya tantance shi ta hanyar gano girgizar na'urar.Spalling na iya faruwa a saman tseren ciki, tseren waje ko abubuwan birgima.Daga cikin su, tseren na ciki yakan karye saboda yawan damuwa.

Daga cikin dabaru daban-daban na bincike da ake amfani da su don mirgina bearings, hanyar sa ido kan rawar jiki har yanzu ita ce mafi mahimmanci.Gabaɗaya magana, hanyar bincike na lokaci-yanki yana da sauƙi mai sauƙi, dacewa da lokatai tare da ƙaramin tsangwama, kuma hanya ce mai kyau don ganewar asali mai sauƙi;daga cikin hanyoyin gano mita-yanki, hanyar resonance demodulation Hanyar ita ce mafi girma kuma abin dogaro, kuma ya dace da ainihin ganewar asali na kuskure;lokaci-Hanyar nazarin mita yayi kama da hanyar resonance demodulation, kuma yana iya daidaita yanayin lokaci da mitar siginar kuskure, wanda ya fi fa'ida.

1.2 Binciken nau'in lalacewa na birgima da magunguna

(1) Yawan lodi.Tsananin ƙyalli da lalacewa, wanda ke nuni da gazawar birgima saboda gajiya da wuri da ke haifar da wuce gona da iri (Bugu da ƙari, maƙarƙashiya ma zai haifar da ƙarancin gajiya).Yin lodin abu kuma na iya haifar da mummunar lalacewa ta hanyar wasan ƙwallon ƙafa, yawan zubewa da zafi fiye da kima.Maganin shine don rage nauyin da aka yi amfani da shi ko ƙara ƙarfin ɗaukar nauyi.

(2) Yawan zafi.Canjin launi a cikin hanyoyin tsere na rollers, ƙwallo, ko keji yana nuna cewa ɗaukar nauyi ya yi zafi sosai.Ƙara yawan zafin jiki zai rage tasirin mai, don haka hamada mai ba ta da sauƙi don samuwa ko bace gaba daya.Idan zafin jiki ya yi yawa, kayan titin tseren da ƙwallon ƙarfe za a shafe su, kuma taurin zai ragu.Wannan yana faruwa ne ta hanyar rashin jin daɗi na zafi ko rashin isasshen sanyaya ƙarƙashin nauyi mai nauyi da babban gudu.Maganin shine don zubar da zafi sosai kuma ƙara ƙarin sanyaya.

(3) Yashwar girgizar ƙasa mara nauyi.Alamun lalacewa na Elliptical sun bayyana akan matsayi na axial na kowane ƙwallon ƙarfe, wanda ke nuna gazawar da ya haifar ta hanyar girgizar da ta wuce kima ko ƙaramar magana lokacin da ba a aiki ba kuma ba a samar da fim ɗin mai mai mai ba.Maganin shine a ware abin da aka yi amfani da shi daga jijjiga ko ƙara abubuwan da ke hana sawa ga maiko mai ɗaukar nauyi, da sauransu.

(4) Matsalolin shigarwa.A kula da abubuwa masu zuwa:

Na farko, kula da ƙarfin shigarwa.Abubuwan da aka yi nisa a cikin titin tsere suna nuna cewa nauyin ya wuce iyakar kayan.Ana haifar da wannan ta hanyar juzu'i mai tsayi ko tasiri mai tsanani (kamar buga guduma yayin shigarwa, da sauransu).Hanyar shigarwa daidai shine a yi amfani da karfi kawai zuwa zoben da za a danna (kada ku tura zoben waje lokacin shigar da zoben ciki a kan shaft).

Na biyu, kula da jagorar shigarwa na bearings lamba angular.Wuraren tuntuɓar kusurwa suna da wurin tuntuɓar elliptical kuma suna ɗaukar bugun axial zuwa hanya ɗaya kawai.Lokacin da aka haɗa maƙallan a gaba, saboda ƙwallon ƙarfe yana kan gefen hanyar tseren, za a samar da yankin lalacewa mai siffar tsagi a saman da aka ɗora.Sabili da haka, ya kamata a biya hankali ga madaidaiciyar jagorar shigarwa yayin shigarwa.

Na uku, kula da daidaitawa.Alamar lalacewa na ƙwallayen ƙarfe suna karkatar da su kuma ba su yi daidai da alkiblar hanyar tsere ba, wanda ke nuna cewa ba a tsakiya ba yayin shigarwa.Idan jujjuyawar ta kasance> 16000, zai iya sa yanayin zafi ya tashi cikin sauƙi kuma yana haifar da lalacewa mai tsanani.Dalili na iya zama cewa an lankwasa shaft, shaft ko akwatin yana da burrs, latsa maɓallin kulle nut ba daidai ba ne ga ma'auni na zaren, da dai sauransu. Saboda haka, ya kamata a kula da duba radial runout a lokacin shigarwa.

Na hudu, ya kamata a ba da hankali ga daidaitawa daidai.Lalacewar da'irar ko canza launi a saman haɗin haɗin haɗin zoben ciki da na waje na abin ɗagawa yana faruwa ne ta hanyar saɓowar dacewa tsakanin ɗamarar da sassan da suka dace.Oxide da aka samar ta hanyar abrasion shine mai tsabta mai launin ruwan kasa mai tsabta, wanda zai haifar da matsaloli masu yawa irin su kara lalacewa na ɗaukar hoto, zafi mai zafi, amo da radial runout, don haka ya kamata a ba da hankali ga daidaitattun lokacin haɗuwa.

Wani misali kuma shi ne, akwai wata babbar hanya mai kama da zage-zage a kasan hanyar tseren, wanda ke nuni da cewa magudanar da za ta yi karami ya zama karami saboda matsewa, da saurin jurewa saboda lalacewa da kasala sakamakon karuwar karfin da kuma tashin gwauron zabi. a cikin yanayin zafi.A wannan lokacin, idan dai an dawo da sharewar radial da kyau kuma an rage tsangwama, ana iya magance wannan matsala.

(5) Rashin gajiyar al'ada.Wutar kayan da ba ta dace ba tana faruwa akan kowace ƙasa mai gudu (kamar titin tsere ko ƙwallon ƙarfe), kuma a hankali yana faɗaɗa don haifar da haɓakar girma, wanda shine gazawar gajiya ta al'ada.Idan rayuwar yau da kullun ba za ta iya biyan bukatun amfani ba, yana yiwuwa ne kawai don sake zaɓin ƙarin-aji ko ƙara ƙayyadaddun bayanai na farkon-farko don ƙara ɗaukar nauyin ɗaukar hoto.

(6) Rashin man shafawa.Duk nau'ikan birgima suna buƙatar lubrication mara yankewa tare da ingantattun man shafawa don kiyaye aikin da aka tsara.Haɗin ya dogara da fim ɗin mai da aka kafa akan abubuwan birgima da tsere don hana hulɗar ƙarfe-zuwa-ƙarfe kai tsaye.Idan an mai da kyau, za a iya rage juzu'i don kada ya ƙare.

Lokacin da mai ɗaukar nauyi yana gudana, dankon maiko ko mai mai mai shine mabuɗin don tabbatar da lubrication na yau da kullun;a lokaci guda, yana da mahimmanci don kiyaye man shafawa mai tsabta kuma ba tare da ƙazanta mai ƙarfi ko ruwa ba.Dankin mai ya yi ƙasa da ƙasa don yin mai sosai, ta yadda zoben wurin zama ya ƙare da sauri.Da farko dai karfen zoben wurin zama da karfen jikin na birgima kai tsaye suna tuntubar juna suna shafa juna, suna yin santsi sosai?Sannan bushewar gogayya ta auku?Fuskar zoben wurin zama yana murƙushe ɓangarorin da aka murƙushe a saman jikin birgima.Ana iya lura da saman da farko a matsayin ƙarewa mara kyau, ɓatacce, a ƙarshe tare da raguwa da faɗuwa daga gajiya.Maganin shine sake zabar da maye gurbin mai ko mai mai mai kamar yadda ake bukata.

Lokacin da gurɓataccen abu ya gurɓata mai ko maiko, ko da waɗannan ƙwayoyin gurɓataccen abu sun yi ƙasa da matsakaicin kauri na fim ɗin mai, ɓangarorin da ke da ƙarfi za su haifar da lalacewa har ma su shiga cikin fim ɗin mai, wanda ke haifar da damuwa na gida a kan saman ƙasa, don haka mahimmanci. rage tsawon rai .Ko da ma'aunin ruwa a cikin man mai ko man shafawa yana da ƙanƙanta kamar 0.01%, ya isa ya rage rabin ainihin rayuwar ɗaukar nauyi.Idan ruwa yana narkewa a cikin mai ko maiko, rayuwar sabis na ɗaukar nauyi zai ragu yayin da yawan ruwa ya karu.Maganin shine a maye gurbin mai ko maiko marar tsarki;Ya kamata a shigar da mafi kyawun tacewa a lokuta na yau da kullun, ya kamata a ƙara hatimi, kuma a kula da ayyukan tsaftacewa yayin ajiya da shigarwa.

(7) Lalata.Tabon ja ko launin ruwan kasa akan hanyoyin tsere, ƙwallayen ƙarfe, cages, da saman zoben zoben ciki da na waje suna nuna gazawar juzu'i saboda fallasa ruwa ko iskar gas.Yana haifar da ƙãra girgiza, ƙara lalacewa, ƙãra ƙãra radial, rage ɗaukar nauyi kuma, a cikin matsanancin yanayi, gazawar gajiya.Maganin shine don zubar da ruwa daga abin da aka ɗaure ko kuma ƙara hatimin gabaɗaya da na waje.

2 Hanyoyi da hanyoyin magance gazawar fanko

Dangane da kididdigar da ba ta cika ba, gazawar ƙarancin girgizar magoya baya a cikin masana'antar siminti ya kai 58.6%.Jijjiga zai sa fan yayi gudu mara daidaita.Daga cikin su, rashin daidaitaccen daidaitawar hannun rigar adaftan zai haifar da hauhawar zafin jiki mara kyau da rawar jiki.

Misali, injin siminti ya maye gurbin guraben fanfo yayin kula da kayan aiki.Bangarorin biyu na vane an daidaita su tare da madaidaicin wurin zama ta hannun adaftan.Bayan sake gwadawa, babban zafin jiki na ƙayyadaddun ƙayyadaddun ƙayyadaddun ƙayyadaddun ƙayyadaddun ƙayyadaddun ƙima ya faru.

Kwakkwance murfin babba na wurin zama kuma kunna fanka da hannu a jinkirin gudu.An gano cewa rollers masu ɗaukar nauyi a wani wuri na jujjuyawar jujjuyawar kuma suna jujjuya a cikin yankin da ba a ɗauka ba.Daga wannan, ana iya ƙididdige cewa jujjuyawar ƙyalli mai gudana yana da girma kuma izinin shigarwa na iya zama ƙasa.Dangane da ma'aunin, izinin ciki na ɗaukar nauyin shine kawai 0.04mm, kuma eccentricity na jujjuya shaft ya kai 0.18mm.

Saboda girman girman hagu da dama na hagu, yana da wuya a guje wa karkatar da shingen juyawa ko kurakurai a cikin kusurwar shigarwa na bearings.Sabili da haka, manyan magoya baya suna amfani da nau'ikan abin nadi wanda zai iya daidaita tsakiya ta atomatik.Duk da haka, lokacin da keɓancewar ciki na ɗaukar nauyi bai isa ba, sassan jujjuyawar ciki na ɗaukar hoto suna iyakance ta wurin motsi, kuma aikin tsakiya na atomatik yana shafar, kuma ƙimar girgiza za ta ƙaru maimakon.Ƙaƙwalwar ciki na ƙaddamarwa yana raguwa tare da karuwa da ƙarfin dacewa, kuma ba za a iya samar da fim din mai mai lubricating ba.Lokacin da aka rage izinin gudu zuwa sifili saboda hauhawar zafin jiki, idan har yanzu zafin da ake samu ta aikin ɗaukar nauyi ya fi ƙarfin da aka watsar, zazzabi mai ɗaukar nauyi zai sauke Hawa da sauri.A wannan lokacin, idan ba a dakatar da na'urar nan da nan ba, abin da aka yi amfani da shi zai ƙare.Matsakaicin matsewa tsakanin zobe na ciki na ɗaukar hoto da shaft shine sanadin yawan zafin jiki mara kyau na ɗaukar nauyi a cikin wannan yanayin.

Lokacin sarrafawa, cire hannun adaftan, gyara madaidaicin dacewa tsakanin sandar da zobe na ciki, kuma ɗauki 0.10mm don tazarar bayan maye gurbin ɗamarar.Bayan sake kunnawa, sake kunna fan ɗin, kuma ƙimar girgizar ɗabi'a da zafin jiki na aiki zai koma al'ada.

Matsakaicin sharewar ciki na ɗaukar nauyi ko ƙira mara kyau da ƙirar ƙira na sassa sune manyan dalilai na yawan zafin jiki na aiki.Matsakaicin gidaje.Duk da haka, yana da wuyar samun matsaloli saboda rashin kulawa a cikin hanyar shigarwa, musamman ma daidaitawa da daidaitaccen izini.Ƙaƙwalwar ciki na ɗaukar nauyi ya yi ƙanƙanta, kuma yanayin zafin aiki yana tashi da sauri;ramin taper na zobe na ciki na bearing da hannun adaftar sun yi daidai da sleeve, kuma abin ɗaurin yana da saurin gazawa kuma yana ƙonewa cikin ɗan lokaci kaɗan saboda sassauta saman mating.

3 Kammalawa

Don taƙaitawa, ya kamata a kula da gazawar bearings a cikin ƙira, kulawa, sarrafa lubrication, aiki da amfani.Ta wannan hanyar, ana iya rage farashin kula da kayan aikin injiniya, kuma ana iya ƙara yawan aiki da rayuwar sabis na kayan aikin injin.