Ƙaƙwalwa wani sashi ne wanda ke gyarawa kuma yana rage yawan ƙididdiga na kaya yayin aikin watsawa na inji.Yana da matsayi mai mahimmanci a cikin injiniyoyi da kayan aiki na zamani.Babban aikinsa shine tallafawa injin jujjuya jikin injin don rage ƙimar juzu'in nauyin injin yayin watsa kayan aiki.Za a iya raba abubuwan da aka yi amfani da su zuwa birgima da bearings na zamiya.Yau za mu yi magana game da rolling bearings daki-daki.
Rolling bearing wani nau'in madaidaicin kayan aikin injiniya ne wanda ke canza juzu'in zamiya tsakanin sandar gudu da wurin zama zuwa jujjuyawar juyi, ta haka yana rage asarar gogayya.Gabaɗaya abin birgima sun ƙunshi sassa huɗu: zobe na ciki, zobe na waje, abubuwan birgima da keji.Ayyukan zobe na ciki shine haɗin gwiwa tare da shaft kuma juya tare da shaft;aikin zobe na waje shine haɗin gwiwa tare da wurin zama da kuma taka rawar tallafi;kejin yana rarraba abubuwa masu juyawa tsakanin zobe na ciki da na waje, kuma siffarsa, girmansa da adadinsa kai tsaye suna shafar aiki da rayuwar motsin motsi;kejin na iya rarraba abubuwan da ke jujjuya daidai gwargwado, hana abubuwan da ke jujjuyawa faɗuwa, kuma suna jagorantar abubuwan da ke jujjuyawa suna taka rawa na lubrication.

Abubuwan jujjuyawa
1. Kwarewa
A cikin sarrafa sassan sassa, ana amfani da babban adadin kayan aiki na musamman.Misali, ana amfani da injinan ƙwallo, injin niƙa da sauran kayan aiki don sarrafa ƙwallon ƙarfe.Hakanan ana nunawa musamman wajen samar da sassan da aka yi amfani da su, kamar kamfanin ƙwallon karfe wanda ya ƙware wajen kera ƙwallan ƙarfe da kuma masana'antar ƙaramar ƙaramar masana'anta da ta kware wajen kera ƙananan bearings.
2. Na ci gaba
Saboda manyan abubuwan da ake buƙata na samar da kayan aiki, yana yiwuwa a yi amfani da kayan aikin inji, kayan aiki da fasaha.Irin su kayan aikin injin CNC, chucks masu yawo da muƙamuƙi uku da maganin zafin yanayi mai karewa.
3. Automation
Ƙwarewar samar da ɗaukar nauyi yana ba da yanayi don sarrafa sarrafa kansa.A cikin samarwa, ana amfani da babban adadin cikakken atomatik, Semi-atomatik sadaukarwa da kayan aikin injin da ba na sadaukarwa ba, kuma ana yin amfani da layukan samarwa a hankali a hankali kuma ana amfani da su.Irin su layin maganin zafi ta atomatik da layin haɗuwa ta atomatik.
Dangane da nau'in tsarin, za'a iya raba kashi na birgima da tsarin zobe zuwa: zurfin tsagi ball bearing, allura bearing bearing, angular contact bearing, kai aligning ball bear, kai aligning roller bearing, tura ball bearing, cusa kai aligning. nadi bearings, Silindrical nadi bearings, tapered abin nadi bearings, waje mai siffar ball bearings da sauransu.

Dangane da tsarin, ana iya raba bearings na birgima zuwa:
1. Zurfafa tsagi ball bearings
Ƙwallon ƙwallon ƙafa mai zurfi suna da sauƙi a cikin tsari da sauƙin amfani.Waɗannan nau'ikan nau'ikan nau'ikan nau'ikan nau'ikan nau'ikan nau'ikan nau'ikan nau'ikan nau'ikan nau'ikan nau'ikan nau'ikan nau'ikan nau'ikan iri ne.Ana amfani da shi musamman don ɗaukar nauyin radial, amma kuma yana iya ɗaukar wani nau'in axial.Lokacin da radial sharer da aka kara girma, yana da aikin angular lamba bearing kuma zai iya ɗaukar girma axial lodi.Ana amfani da su a motoci, tarakta, kayan aikin injin, injina, famfo ruwa, injinan noma, injinan yadi, da sauransu.
2. Abubuwan nadi na allura
Abubuwan nadi na allura suna sanye take da sirara da dogayen rollers (tsawon abin nadi shine sau 3-10 diamita, kuma diamita gabaɗaya bai fi 5mm ba), don haka tsarin radial yana da ƙarfi, kuma diamita na ciki da ƙarfin lodi iri ɗaya ne. kamar sauran nau'ikan bearings.Diamita na waje yana da ƙananan, kuma ya dace musamman don tsarin tallafi tare da matakan shigarwa na radial.Dangane da aikace-aikace daban-daban, ana iya zaɓar bearings ba tare da zoben ciki ko abin nadi na allura da abubuwan keji ba.A wannan lokacin, ana yin amfani da farfajiyar jarida da harsashi da rami mai daidaitawa kai tsaye a matsayin abin birgima na ciki da na waje, don kula da ƙarfin nauyi da aikin aiki Daidai da ɗaukar hoto tare da zobe, taurin saman. na shaft ko mahalli ramin tseren tsere.Daidaitaccen mashin ɗin da ingancin saman da saman ya kamata su kasance daidai da hanyar tseren zoben ɗagawa.Irin wannan nau'i na iya ɗaukar nauyin radial kawai.Misali: duniyoyin haɗin gwiwa na duniya, famfunan ruwa na ruwa, injinan birgima, injinan dutse, akwatunan kayan aikin injin, akwati da akwatin tarakta, da dai sauransu.
3. Matsakaicin lamba na kusurwa
Ƙwallon ƙwallon ƙafa na kusurwa yana da ƙaƙƙarfan saurin iyaka kuma yana iya ɗaukar nauyin tsayin daka da nauyin axial, da kuma nauyin axial mai tsabta.Ƙaƙƙarfan nauyin nauyin axial an ƙaddara ta kusurwar lamba kuma yana ƙaruwa tare da haɓakar kusurwar lamba.Galibi ana amfani da su: famfunan mai, damfarar iska, watsawa iri-iri, famfun allurar mai, injin bugu.
4. Ƙwallon kwando mai daidaita kai
Ƙwallon ƙwallon da ke daidaita kansa yana da layuka biyu na ƙwallan ƙarfe, zobe na ciki yana da hanyoyin tsere guda biyu, kuma titin tseren zobe na waje wani yanayi ne na ciki, wanda ke da aikin daidaita kai.Zai iya ramawa ta atomatik don kuskuren coaxial da aka yi ta hanyar lanƙwasa na shaft da nakasar gidaje, kuma ya dace da sassan da ba za a iya tabbatar da haɗin kai mai tsanani a cikin rami na goyon baya ba.Ƙunƙarar tsakiya tana ɗaukar nauyin radial.Yayin ɗaukar nauyin radial, kuma yana iya ɗaukar ƙaramin adadin axial.Yawancin lokaci ba a amfani dashi don ɗaukar nauyin axial mai tsabta.Misali, ɗaukar nauyin axial mai tsafta, jere ɗaya kawai na ƙwallan ƙarfe na ƙarfe yana damuwa.An fi amfani dashi a cikin injinan noma kamar masu girbi, masu busawa, injina na takarda, injinan yadi, injinan itace, ƙafafun tafiya da kuma tudu na cranes gada.
5. Siffar abin nadi bearings
Siffar abin nadi yana da layuka biyu na rollers, waɗanda galibi ana amfani da su don ɗaukar nauyin radial kuma suna iya ɗaukar nauyin axial ta kowace hanya.Irin wannan nau'in yana da babban nauyin nauyin radial, musamman dacewa don yin aiki a ƙarƙashin nauyi mai nauyi ko rawar girgiza, amma ba zai iya ɗaukar nauyin axial mai tsabta ba;yana da kyakkyawan aiki na tsakiya kuma yana iya rama kuskure iri ɗaya.Babban amfani: Injin ƙera takarda, Gishiri na ragewa, gaturan abin hawa na jirgin ƙasa, kujerun kujeru na gearbox, injin murƙushewa, masu rage masana'antu daban-daban, da sauransu.
6. Tuba ƙwallo
Ƙunƙarar ƙwallon ƙafa wani nau'i ne mai rabuwa, zoben zoben "za a iya raba wurin wanki daga keji" abubuwan haɗin ƙwallon ƙarfe.Zoben shaft ɗin ferrule ne wanda aka yi daidai da shaft ɗin, kuma zoben wurin zama ferrule ne wanda yake daidai da ramin wurin zama, kuma akwai rata tsakanin sandar da sandar.Ƙwallon ƙwallon ƙafa kawai za a iya yin famfo
Load ɗin axial na hannu, bugun ƙwallon ƙafa ta hanya ɗaya zai iya ɗaukar nauyin axial ɗin ɗaki ɗaya kawai, bugun ƙwallon ƙafa biyu na iya ɗaukar biyu.
Axial Load a duk kwatance.Ƙwallon turawa na iya jure wa jagorar warp na shaft wanda ba za a iya daidaita shi ba, kuma iyakar gudun yana da ƙananan ƙananan.Ƙwallon ƙwallon ƙafa ta hanya ɗaya
Shaft da gidaje na iya zama axially gudun hijira a daya hanya, da kuma biyu-hanya hali za a iya axially gudun hijira a cikin kwatance biyu.An fi amfani da shi a injin tuƙi na mota da sandar kayan aikin injin.
7. Tukar abin nadi
Ana amfani da ƙwanƙwasa abin nadi don jure haɗin haɗin tsayin daka na shaft tare da babban nauyin axial, amma nauyin tsayin daka ba zai wuce 55% na nauyin axial ba.Idan aka kwatanta da sauran ƙwanƙwasa abin nadi, irin wannan nau'in yana da ƙananan juzu'i, mafi girman gudu, kuma yana da ikon daidaita cibiyar.Mummunan nau'in 29000 na zamani sune masu siyarwar Spheroal, waɗanda zasu iya rage girman mahallin da ke cikin sandar da kuma yawan tseren ruwa suna da girma, kuma adadin mai ɗaukar nauyi yana da girma .Yawancin lokaci ana shafa su da mai.Ana iya amfani da man shafawa a ƙananan gudu.Lokacin zayyanawa da zaɓar, yakamata a fi son shi.An fi amfani da shi a cikin janareta na ruwa, ƙugiya na crane, da dai sauransu.
8. Silindrical abin nadi bearings
Abubuwan nadi na nadi na silinda yawanci ana jagorantar su ta haƙarƙari biyu na zobe mai ɗauri.keji, abin nadi da zoben jagora suna samar da taro, wanda za'a iya raba shi da sauran zobe mai ɗaure kuma yana da rabewa.Irin wannan nau'in ya fi dacewa don shigarwa da rarrabawa, musamman lokacin da zobe na ciki da na waje da shaft da harsashi suna buƙatar shiga tsakani.Ana amfani da wannan nau'in ɗaukar nauyi gabaɗaya don ɗaukar nauyin radial kawai.Ƙunƙarar jeri ɗaya kawai tare da hakarkarin ciki a kan zobba na ciki da na waje za su iya ɗaukar ƙananan kayan axial masu tsayi ko manyan kayan axial masu tsaka-tsaki.An fi amfani dashi don manyan injina, kayan aikin injin, akwatunan axle, crankshafts dizal da motoci, da sauransu.
9. Tapered bearings
Tapered bearings sun fi dacewa don ɗaukar haɗaɗɗen radial da axial lodi bisa nauyin radial, yayin da manyan mazugi na mazugi.
Za a iya amfani da na'ura mai kwakwalwa don tsayayya da haɗin haɗin haɗin gwiwa, wanda ya mamaye nauyin axial.Irin wannan nau'in nau'in nau'in nau'in nau'in nau'in nau'in nau'i ne, kuma ana iya shigar da zobe na ciki (ciki har da rollers da keji) da zobe na waje daban.A cikin aiwatar da shigarwa da amfani, za a iya daidaita radial da axial sharewa na ɗaukar hoto.Hakanan za'a iya shigar da tsangwama na farko don cibiyoyi na baya na mota, manyan mashinan kayan aikin injin, manyan masu rage ƙarfi, akwatunan ɗaukar hoto, da rollers don isar da na'urori..
10. Ƙwallon ƙafar ƙafa tare da wurin zama
Ƙwallon ƙwallon ƙafa na waje tare da wurin zama ya ƙunshi ƙwallo mai siffar siffar waje tare da hatimai a ɓangarorin biyu da wurin zama na simintin (ko farantin karfe).Tsarin ciki na ƙwallon ƙwallon ƙafa na waje yana daidai da na ƙwallon ƙafa mai zurfi, amma zoben ciki na irin wannan nau'in yana da fadi fiye da zoben waje.Zoben na waje yana da gangare mai siffa ta waje, wanda zai iya daidaita tsakiya ta atomatik lokacin da ya dace da madaidaicin farfajiyar wurin zama.Gabaɗaya, akwai tazara tsakanin ramin ciki na irin wannan nau'in ɗaukar hoto da kuma shaft ɗin, kuma zobe na ciki yana daidaitawa akan shaft ɗin tare da waya jack, hannun rigar eccentric ko hannun adaftan, kuma yana juyawa tare da shaft.Wurin zama yana da ƙaƙƙarfan tsari.